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Globalisation | ||
Globalisation is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction between people and companies in disparate locations. As a term 'globalization' has been used as early as 1944[citation needed] but economists began applying it around 1981. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with its coining through the article he wrote in 1983 for the Harvard Business Review entitled "Globalization of Markets". The more encompassing phenomenon has been perceived in the context of sociological study on a worldwide scale. The term "globalization" is used to refer to these collective changes as a process, or else as the cause of turbulent change. The distinct uses include...* 'Economically and socially positive: As an engine of commerce; one which brings an increased standard of living — prosperity to developing countries and further wealth to First World and Third World countries. * Economically, socially, and ecologically negative: As an engine of "corporate imperialism"; one which tramples over the human rights of developing societies, claims to bring prosperity, yet often simply amounts to plundering and profiteering. Negative effects include cultural assimilation via cultural imperialism, the export of artificial wants, and the destruction or inhibition of authentic local and global community, ecology and cultures. A typical - but restrictive - definition can be taken from the International Monetary Fund, which stresses the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. While being a complex and multifaceted array of phenomena, globalization can be broken down into separate aspects. Different aspects of globalisation...* Industrial globalization (alias transnationalization) - rise and expansion of multinational enterprises * Financial globalization - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for corporate, national and subnational borrowers * Political globalization - spread of political sphere of interests to the regions and countries outside the neighbourhood of political (state and non-state) actors * Informational globalization - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations * Cultural globalization - growth of cross-cultural contacts Copyright 2008 - France BtoB from Wikipédia
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• Strategic management
• Value chain • Media scanning and new competitors • Characteristics of globalisation • Globalization of wine • Hauppauge Industrial Association • Balanced scorecard | |
