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Hypermarket



In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore which combines a supermarket and a department store. The result is a gigantic retail facility which carries an enormous range of products under one roof, including full lines of groceries and general merchandise. When they are planned, constructed, and executed correctly, a consumer can ideally satisfy all of his or her routine weekly shopping needs in one trip to the hypermarket.


 


Hypermarkets, like other big-box stores, typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low-margin sales. Due to their large footprints -- a typical Wal-Mart Supercenter covers 150,000 square feet, a typical Carrefour 210,000 square feet -- and the need for many shoppers to carry large quantities of goods, many hypermarkets choose suburban or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile.


 


The concept was pioneered by France's Carrefour chain, which opened the first hypermarket in 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, France.The first hypermarket in North America was introduced by the Oshawa group near Montreal in 1973.


The loi Galland

After the successes of super- and hyper-markets and amid fears that smaller stores would be forced out of business, France enacted laws that made it more difficult to build hypermarkets and also restricted the amount of economic leverage that hypermarket chains can impose upon their suppliers (the Loi Galland). Large retailers for the most part work around the law by using loopholes. As of 2004, the Loi Galland has become increasingly controversial and there have been calls to amend it.


In Japan

In Japan, hypermarkets may be found in urban areas as well as less populated areas. The Japanese government encourages hypermarket installations, as mutual investment by financial stocks are a common way to run hypermarkets. Japanese hypermarkets may contain restaurants, Manga (Japanese comic) stands, Internet cafes, typical department store merchandise, a full range of groceries, beauty salons and other services all inside the same store. A recent trend has been to combine the dollar store concept with the hypermarket blueprint, giving rise to the "hyakkin plaza"—hyakkin or hyaku means 100 Yen (roughly 1 US Dollar).


In France

In France, hypermarkets are generally situated in shopping centers (In French: Centre Commercial) outside of cities. They are surrounded by extensive parking lots, and generally by other specialized large stores (for instance, selling clothing, sports gear, automobile items, etc.).

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